This lecture considers the impact of the sampler and questions surrounding legality, performance and technology, authenticity and quotation. How has the sampler prioritised Black music history in a dominant, Anglo-American popular music industry? To what extent is a soul and funk canon mediated via house and hip hop musicality? Is it possible to make sample-heavy records, such as Beastie Boys' Paul's Boutique and De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising, today? And how do contemporary 'replay' and 'allusion' techniques overcome legal boundaries?